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Table 2 Multistate mark recapture model ranking for piping plover survival and transition from 2008–2012

From: Metapopulation viability of an endangered shorebird depends on dispersal and human-created habitats: piping plovers (Charadrius melodus) and prairie rivers

Model

k

ΔQAICc a

Deviance

QAICc weight

φ age×sub + age×year + juvenile:(band + hatch) + high flow ψ age + distance + high flow b

31

0.000

4525.731

0.286

φ age×sub + age×year + juvenile:(band + hatch) + high flow ψ age×success + distance + high flow

33

0.738

4522.393

0.197

φ age×sub + age×year + juvenile:(band + hatch) + high flow + adult:success ψ age + distance + high flow

32

1.993

4525.687

0.105

φ age×sub + age×year + juvenile:(band + hatch) ψ age + distance + high flow

29

1.996

4531.798

0.105

φ age×sub + age×year + juvenile:(band + hatch) + adult:success ψ age + distance + high flow

30

2.308

4530.075

0.090

φ age×sub + age×year + juvenile:(band + hatch) ψ age×success + distance + high flow

31

2.675

4528.406

0.075

φ age×sub + age×year + juvenile:(band + hatch) + high flow + adult:success ψ age×success + distance + high flow

34

2.731

4522.346

0.073

φ age×sub + age×year + juvenile:(band + hatch) + adult:success ψ age×success + distance + high flow

32

2.996

4526.690

0.064

  1. Only top-ranked models (ΔQAICc ≤ 4) are shown. Resight rate ‘p’ did not differ among the top-ranked models – p age + sub + year
  2. aMinimum QAICc = 4588.307
  3. bSubscripts represent the covariates that affected apparent survival (φ) and transition (ψ) rates. Age – juvenile (0–1 year post-hatch) and adult (1+ years post-hatch) rates differ (a ‘:’ indicates that the covariate(s) affect only that age-class); sub – survival and transition rates differ by subpopulation; year – survival and transition rates differ by year; band – age at banding (in days, affected juvenile birds only and appeared in all models) effect on survival; hatch – hatch date (in days, affected juvenile birds only and appeared in all models) effect on survival; high flow (survival) – 2 variables for the effects of (i) the high flow events on M1F survival (from 2010–2011) and (ii) the immediate post-high flow environment on M1F survival (from 2011–2012); high flow (transition) – 3 variables for the effects of (i) high flow on emigration from M1F to the other areas (from 2010–2011), (ii) high flow on immigration into M1F from the other areas (from 2010–2011), and (iii) the post-high flow environment on the immigration of individuals into M1F from the other areas (from 2011–2012); success – the effect site-specific reproductive output (chicks fledged/pair) on survival and transition (affected only adult birds for survival); and distance – the effect of the distance among subpopulations on transition rates
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Movement Ecology

ISSN: 2051-3933