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Table 4 Black-footed albatross: Mean values of behavioral parameters and track characteristics for each cluster

From: Shadowed by scale: subtle behavioral niche partitioning in two sympatric, tropical breeding albatross species

    

Cluster BF1

Cluster BF2

Cluster BF3

    

N = 6

N = 4

N = 10

 

Test

F

P

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Behavioral parameters

% Day in transita

gls

9.8

0.001**

11.6 ± 1.9

28.9 ± 13.3c

30.1 ± 18.3c

% Night in transit

lm

3.0

0.08*

36.3 ± 16.7c

11.9 ± 8.9

36.0 ± 25.0c

% Day in transit forageb

lm

12.7

0.0004**

43.0 ± 7.6

12.3 ± 2.6c

14.4 ± 10.5c

% Night in transit foragea

gls

5.8

0.01**

13.7 ± 9.8

2.2 ± 2.6c

3.4 ± 2.6c

% Day in ARSb

lm

0.7

0.51

6.3 ± 6.6

10.5 ± 4.8

7.8 ± 5.4

% Night in ARSb

gls

5.1

0.02**

27.1 ± 12.4c

7.8 ± 5.2

19.1 ± 10.4c

% Day in ARS forage

lm

0.5

0.62

20.0 ± 7.9

15.9 ± 6.9

16.9 ± 6.9

% Night in ARS foragea

gls

2.0

0.17

15.0 ± 12.2

5.0 ± 4.7

8.3 ± 7.3

% Day in drift

gls

2.7

0.10*

5.5 ± 6.2c

18.4 ± 16.3

7.0 ± 9.3c

% Night in drifta

gls

18.5

.00001**

2.0 ± 2.8c

47.1 ± 9.3

4.2 ± 5.0c

% Day in drift forageb

lm

0.8

0.47

10.2 ± 5.3

11.5 ± 12.8

20.5 ± 18.6

% Night in drift forage

lm

5.0

0.02**

5.3 ± 6.6

25.2 ± 14.0c

28.0 ± 17.1c

Day landing ratea

lm

0.3

0.75

1.37 ± 0.39

1.7 ± 0.74

1.76 ± 1.03

Night landing rateb

lm

2.7

0.10*

0.47 ± 0.28c

1.60 ± 1.43c

1.04 ± 0.49c

Track characteristics

Daily travel (km)

gls

9.9

0.001**

650 ± 115

337 ± 135c

412 ± 139c

Max rangeb (km)

gls

2.8

0.09*

551 ± 284

254 ± 107c

305 ± 129c

Total distance (km)

gls

6.5

0.008**

1352 ± 520

565 ± 140c

735 ± 328c

Trip duration (km)

lm

0.35

0.71

2.04 ± 0.667

1.77 ± 0.485

1.75 ± 0.742

  1. A linear model (lm) was used when homogeneity was not violated and a generalized least squares model (gls) was applied when parameters showed heterogeneity, incorporating a ‘varIdent’ variance structure
  2. Significance was set at P ≤ 0.05 (**) and marginal significance to P ≤ 0.1 (*)
  3. alog10-transformed for gls or lm
  4. bsquare-root transformed for gls or lm
  5. cindicates which clusters did not significantly differ from each other at P ≤ 0.05 in a multiple comparison post-hoc Tukey test