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Table 3 Influence of the occurrence of eddies, filaments and current speed on heading velocity

From: Influence of oceanographic structures on foraging strategies: Macaroni penguins at Crozet Islands

HV ~ OW category

Intercept

Presence of eddy

P intercept /P variable

AIC Null

 M1 – Outward phase

3.57 ± 0.20

−0.14 ± 0.40

<0.0001/NS

+1.87

 M2 – Central phase

1.62 ± 0.11

0.12 ± 0.16

<0.0001/NS

+3.30

 M3 – Inward phase

3.43 ± 0.25

−0.635 ± 0.29

<0.0001/< 0.05

- 2.14

HV ~ FSLE (>0.1)

Intercept

FSLE (>0.1)

P intercept /P variable

AIC Null

 M4 Whole trip

3.60 ± 0.51

−7.29 ± 2.78

<0.001/< 0.05

- 6.40

TV ~ Current speed

Intercept

Current speed

P intercept /P variable

AIC Null

 M5 Whole trip

3.51 ± 0.19

−1.51 ± 0.24

<0.001/<0.001

−27.38

  1. Linear mixed models were independently built with individual bird included as a random effect (n = 6) for each explanatory variable. Response variables are heading velocity (HV) and travel velocity (TV). The Okubo-Weiss parameter is a binary factor coding for the occurrence of eddies (0: absence, 1: presence). Current speed and FSLE are continuous variables. Only FSLE values >0.1d−1 were selected to test for the influence of filaments on HV when penguins were within a filament. Significant coefficients (mean ± se) are in bold. P p.value, NS non-significant. AIC Null shows the AIC deviation from AIC of the null model