Table 1 Description of the variables used in the models. stBT was used as the dependent variable (vFI), HS, MT or RT as the predictors of interest (hFIs) in separate models and the remaining variables as covariates

vFI

stBT

continuous

standardized bottom time, ∈ [0, 1]

hFIs

HS

continuous

horizontal speed (m/s)

MT

categorical

movement type, 0 = extensive, 1 = intensive movements

RT

continuous

residence time index (h)

Covariates

Depth*

continuous

mean dive depth (m)

RestingD*

categorical

0 = 50 % of time or less resting while diving, 1 = more than 50 % of time resting while diving

Ptactic*

categorical

0 = 50 % or less of benthic dives, 1 = more than 50 % of benthic dives

Direction

categorical

‘inward’ = persistent decreasing distance from a haul-out site ending within 2 km of it, ‘outward’ = persistent increasing distance from a haul-out site starting from within 2 km of it, ‘other’ = no persistent directionality and not starting or ending within 2 km from a haul-out site