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Table 2 Results of pairwise comparisons of GPS and altimeter flight heights (m), excluding floating or stationary bouts, from Generalised Linear Mixed Model with gamma distribution. Comparisons were examined in relation to sampling rate (five minutes and 10 s), colony (Isle of May and Havergate), and Year (2019 and 2020)

From: Flight heights obtained from GPS versus altimeters influence estimates of collision risk with offshore wind turbines in Lesser Black-backed Gulls Larus fuscus

Method

Rate

Colony

Year

Estimate

SE

z-ratio

P-value

Altimeter

Five Min ~ Ten Sec

Combined

Combined

− 7.65–06

6.01–07

− 12.71

0.00

GPS

Five Min ~ Ten Sec

1.90–06

6.56–07

2.89

0.02

Altimeter ~ GPS

Five Minutes

− 1.36–06

7.32–07

− 1.86

0.25

Ten Seconds

− 1.09–05

3.51–07

− 31.03

0.00

Five Minutes

Havergate

2019

− 4.38–06

1.54–06

− 2.84

0.25

2020

7.23–06

2.53–06

2.86

0.24

Isle of May

2019

− 1.86–06

9.22–07

− 2.02

0.82

2020

2.95–06

2.78–06

1.06

1.00

Ten Seconds

Havergate

2019

− 1.13–05

4.63–07

− 24.37

0.00

2020

− 1.03–05

6.70–07

− 15.40

0.00

Isle of May

2019

− 1.30–05

7.72–07

− 16.79

0.00

2020

2.87–07

1.73–06

0.17

1.00

  1. “ ~ “ denotes the groups being compared. P-values < 0.05 displayed in bold