Fig. 7

Climbing behaviour of great reed warblers (blue) and european hoopoes (red): a) rate of climbing and descending per 30 min flight intervals in relation to the time after departure. A climb rate of 1 m/s corresponds to a height change of 1800 m within 30 min and a change in air pressure of about 190 hPa. The final landing phases (last 30 min) are excluded (reed warbler n = 7150, hoopoes n = 2448). b) sum of climbs for post-breeding (open symbols), intra-tropical (filled light blue) and pre-breeding migration (filled blue/red) in relation to the total individual flight time per migration period